6 Cultural Experiences in Japan
Japan is a land where ancient traditions harmoniously coexist with modern innovations, creating a captivating tapestry of culture and history. For travelers seeking more than sightseeing, Japan offers immersive experiences that dive into its rich heritage, giving you the chance to step into the shoes of artisans, performers, and food cultures.
In this guide, we’ll explore six must-try cultural experiences in Japan. You’ll learn the fascinating history behind each tradition, how to join these unique activities as a visitor, and what to expect when you participate. Let these experiences transform your journey into an unforgettable adventure steeped in Japan’s timeless charm.
Cultural Experiences
in Japan
1. Japanese Paper “Washi” Making
What is Washi?
Washi (和紙), meaning "Japanese paper," is a traditional handmade paper celebrated for its strength, durability, and artistic appeal. Unlike modern wood-pulp paper, Washi is made using natural fibers, primarily from the inner bark of plants like Kozo (mulberry), Mitsumata, and Gampi. Its versatility is unmatched - used in everything from origami and lanterns to calligraphy, sliding doors, and even clothing. Washi’s unique texture and translucence give it an aesthetic quality that embodies the spirit of Japanese design.
The History of Washi
Washi's roots trace back over 1,300 years, introduced to Japan from China and Korea during the early 7th century. The craft was refined over centuries, with different regions developing their own styles and techniques. Washi became indispensable in daily life, valued for its durability and light weight, which made it ideal for scrolls, books, and official documents.
By the Edo period (1603–1868), Washi was an integral part of Japanese culture, decorating homes as Shoji screens and being used in ceremonies, such as wrapping Omamori (charms) or making Gohei (sacred paper decorations). Despite the rise of industrial paper production, Washi remains a symbol of traditional Japanese craftsmanship, recognized as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2014.
How is Washi Made?
Harvesting the Fiber: The inner bark of the Kozo, Mitsumata, or Gampi plant is harvested and stripped from the outer layers.
Cleaning and Boiling: The fibers are boiled in water, often with an alkali solution, to remove impurities. They are then meticulously cleaned by hand to remove dirt or remnants of bark.
Beating the Fiber: The cleaned fibers are pounded or beaten to separate them into a soft, pulpy consistency.
Forming the Paper: The pulp is mixed with water and a viscous substance like Tororo-aoi (a root extract) to help the fibers evenly suspend in water.
Using a bamboo screen, the artisan scoops the mixture, allowing water to drain while the fibers interweave.
Drying: The wet sheets are carefully placed on drying boards, often made of wood, and left to dry in the sun.
Finishing Touches: Once dried, the Washi is ready for use, with some sheets further treated for specific textures, patterns, or dyes.
Where to Experience the Washi Making?
I had tried this experience in two locations:
Nishida Washi Kobo: “Sekishu Banshi” is known to be made in the Sekishu region of western Shimane Prefecture. Made from local Sekishu Kozo (mulberry), it is known for its distinctive colors, a brilliant mixture of pale green and reddish-brown, and its extremely strong texture.
We observed the paper making process following them explaining each steps, and had the experience of making a post card paper from raw materials ourselves.Location: 1548 Furu-ichiba Misumi, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture
Taniguchi Aoya Washi Studio: “Inshu Washi” is crafted in the eastern part of Tottori Prefecture. Renowned for its durability, Inshu Washi has long been the paper of choice for distinguished writers and calligraphers.
We had a unique, hands-on experience through the museum to their workshop. Kids made their own post cards decorating as they wanted.
Location: 358-1 Kawara, Aoya-cho, Tottori City, Tottori Prefecture
2. Learn Kumiko Craftsmanship
What is Kumiko?
Kumiko (組子) is a traditional Japanese woodworking technique characterized by its intricate patterns and delicate assembly, all achieved without the use of nails or adhesives. Instead, artisans carefully cut and fit pieces of wood together with remarkable precision, relying on precise measurements and joinery techniques. Kumiko is most commonly used in Shoji screens, sliding doors, furniture, and decorative panels, creating a harmonious blend of function and art.
The geometric patterns of Kumiko often take inspiration from nature, featuring designs like cherry blossoms, hemp leaves, or tortoise shells. These patterns not only showcase aesthetic beauty but also embody cultural meanings, such as good fortune, longevity, and protection.
The History of Kumiko:
Kumiko’s origins date back to the Asuka period (592–710), during which woodworking techniques were introduced to Japan from China and Korea. Over time, Japanese craftsmen adapted these methods to suit their own architectural styles and materials, giving rise to Kumiko during the Edo period (1603–1868).
During this time, Kumiko became a prominent feature in Japanese homes, particularly in shoji screens, where its intricate designs allowed for natural light to filter through while maintaining privacy. The patterns also reflected the Japanese aesthetic principles of Wabi-Sabi (finding beauty in imperfection) and Ma (the space between).
As Japan modernized, Kumiko craftsmanship declined due to the introduction of mass-produced materials. However, a resurgence of interest in traditional crafts has brought Kumiko back into the spotlight, with artisans preserving this meticulous art form and finding new applications in modern architecture and décor.
How is Kumiko Made?
Creating Kumiko is a meticulous and time-consuming process that requires exceptional skill and attention to detail. Here’s an overview of how it’s made:
Selecting the Wood High-quality, straight-grain wood like cedar, cypress, or pine is typically used. The wood must be finely planed and cut to precise dimensions.
Preparing the Frame A wooden frame is constructed to hold the Kumiko pattern. This frame provides the base for assembling the intricate latticework.
Cutting the Strips Thin wooden strips are carefully cut and shaped to fit into the design. Artisans use specialized tools like saws, planes, and chisels to achieve the exact measurements.
Creating the Patterns The artisan meticulously cuts notches and angles into each strip to form the desired geometric pattern. These pieces must fit together perfectly, often relying on patterns passed down through generations.
Assembly The wooden pieces are fitted together by hand, creating a seamless lattice. This step requires incredible precision, as even a minor error can disrupt the entire design.
Finishing Once assembled, the Kumiko piece is sanded and sometimes treated with oil to enhance the wood’s natural beauty.
Where to Experience the Kumiko Making?
I had tried this experience here:
Yoshihara Woodworks: We visited a local woodworking shop in Shimane Prefecture and experienced the skill by making some coasters. Even though all the materials were well-prepared and we were taught thoroughly, it was still challenging. Finally we were so happy to make our own Kumiko-designed creations to take back home. It’s providing a unique opportunity to connect with Japanese woodworking heritage and appreciate the patience and skill required to make even a small piece of Kumiko art.
Location: 912-1 Murodani Misumi, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture
3. Local Performing Arts
Japan’s performing arts reflect its rich heritage, blending drama, music, and dance into unique storytelling forms. Over centuries, these art forms have evolved, offering both traditional and modern audiences a window into Japanese history, values, and aesthetics. Here are some of the most popular performing arts in Japan:
Kabuki (歌舞伎) A dramatic and visually stunning form of theater featuring elaborate costumes, makeup, and exaggerated gestures. Stories often revolve around historical events, samurai tales, or moral dilemmas.
Noh (能) One of Japan’s oldest theatrical traditions, known for its minimalist stage design, slow movements, and masks that convey the characters’ emotions. Themes are often spiritual or mythological.
Bunraku (文楽) Traditional puppet theater where highly skilled puppeteers bring characters to life, accompanied by live narrators and shamisen player.
Rakugo (落語) A comedic storytelling art where a single performer narrates humorous tales using only a fan and a small cloth as props.
Taiko (太鼓) Dynamic and rhythmic drumming performances that combine music, physicality, and group coordination.
Iwami Kagura: The Soul of Shimane Prefecture
Let me introduce Iwami Kagura, it is a traditional performing art from the Iwami region in Shimane Prefecture. Rooted in Shinto rituals, Kagura (神楽) translates to "entertainment for the gods." Originally performed to honor deities and pray for good harvests, Iwami Kagura has evolved into a theatrical art form that blends sacred traditions with entertainment.
Known for its lively performances, Iwami Kagura features dramatic dances, elaborate costumes, dynamic music, and engaging storytelling. Unlike the solemn nature of other Kagura styles, Iwami Kagura is faster-paced and more colorful, making it particularly popular among audiences.
The Themes and Stories
Iwami Kagura performances typically depict stories from Japanese mythology, such as tales from the Kojiki (Records of Ancient Matters) or Nihon Shoki (Chronicles of Japan). Popular themes include battles between gods and demons, the triumph of good over evil, and mythical legends.
One iconic performance is the story of Yamata-no-Orochi, the eight-headed serpent defeated by the god Susanoo. The dramatic battle, complete with serpentine costumes and fiery effects, is a highlight of Iwami Kagura and a crowd favorite.
Costumes and Music
The costumes in Iwami Kagura are richly embroidered and intricately designed, often weighing up to 20 kilograms. These vibrant outfits, along with striking masks, bring mythical characters to life. The music is performed live, featuring taiko drums, flutes, and cymbals, creating a rhythmic and immersive experience that draws audiences into the performance.
Where to Watch Iwami Kagura in Shimane?
The public show schedules are updated here. (Japanese)
We have watched the performance (mostly free) at the following stages:
Local Events: Seasonal events like the summer fireworks festival and fall festivals
Local Theaters: Regular performances held in Sanku Jinja shrine, Yuhi Park (road side station), Aquas Aquarium
Private Show: Sadomura Ishoten (costume company) - need an appointment, paid to book
4. Zen Experience
Zazen (座禅), meaning "seated meditation," is a core practice in Zen Buddhism, focusing on cultivating mindfulness, clarity, and inner peace. It involves sitting in a specific posture, observing the breath, and letting go of thoughts and distractions to experience a heightened state of awareness. Zazen is not just a meditation technique but a spiritual discipline aimed at deepening one's understanding of life and achieving enlightenment (satori).
The Practice of Zazen:
Posture:
Practitioners sit on a cushion (zafu) placed on a mat (zabuton). The most common postures are the full lotus or half-lotus positions, but kneeling (seiza) or sitting on a chair is also acceptable for beginners.
The back is kept straight, hands form the cosmic mudra (a circle with the thumbs touching lightly), and the gaze is soft and directed downward.
Breathing:
Breathing is slow, deep, and natural, with the focus on the exhalation. This helps to calm the mind and anchor awareness in the present moment.
Mental Focus:
Zazen involves observing thoughts without judgment or attachment. Practitioners aim to let thoughts come and go, like clouds passing in the sky, while maintaining a state of relaxed concentration.
In some schools, counting breaths or focusing on a koan (a paradoxical question or phrase) is used to guide the meditation.
Benefits of Zazen
While rooted in spiritual growth, Zazen also offers practical benefits:
Stress Reduction: Regular practice can help calm the mind, reduce anxiety, and lower stress levels.
Increased Focus: Observing the breath and clearing the mind improves concentration and mental clarity.
Emotional Balance: By detaching from thoughts and emotions, practitioners cultivate greater equanimity and resilience.
Self-Awareness: Zazen encourages a deeper understanding of oneself and a more mindful approach to life.
Where I Experienced Zazen?
Ryuunji Temple: this temple was established in 1441. You will find peaceful moments while strolling around here - quiet and calm surrounded by beautiful nature, providing a relaxing vibe. A fun fact about this temple is that many years ago, the head priest had a dream forewarning him about a fire at Miyajima in Hiroshima. According to some records, he helped extinguish the fire.
They have a monthly Zazen session open to public. If not joining the session, it’s worth checking on this historical temple and the rich nature neighborhood.
Location: 909 Ashidani, Misumi, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture
5. Sake Brewery
What is Sake?
Japanese sake (酒), often referred to as "Nihonshu" (日本酒), is a traditional rice-based alcoholic beverage that has been enjoyed in Japan for over a thousand years. Often called "rice wine," sake is actually brewed more like beer, as it involves converting starch into sugar before fermentation.
With an alcohol content typically between 13–16%, sake offers a versatile flavor profile, ranging from light and dry to sweet and rich. It can be served warm, cold, or at room temperature, depending on the type and occasion.
How is Sake Made?
The process of brewing sake is a meticulous and time-honored craft. Check my another blog post for the details about Sake in Shimane.
What Does Sake Taste Like?
Sake’s flavor profile varies widely depending on factors such as the type of rice, the brewing method, and the region. Key taste elements include:
Umami: A savory richness from the rice.
Sweetness and Acidity: A delicate balance, influenced by fermentation.
Aromatic Notes: Fruity, floral, or nutty aromas, especially in premium types like Ginjo and Daiginjo.
How to Enjoy Sake? Warm sake enhances umami and is best for robust, less polished varieties. Chilled sake highlights fruity and delicate flavors in premium types. Sake pairs well with various foods, from sushi and tempura to grilled meats and even chocolate.
Where to Enjoy the Sake Tasting?
Among the many Sake breweries in nationwide in Japan, I’ve visited here:
Nihonkai Shuzo: Did you know that Shimane Prefecture in Japan, home to a population of 670,000 people, has around 30 sake breweries? This brewery is one of the oldest Sake makers in Shimane. We walked through their old but clean brewery, and listened to their history, then the tasted their various lineups of Sake to enjoy.
Location: 80 Minatoura, Misumi, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture
6. Miso Making Workshop
What is Miso?
Miso (味噌) is a traditional Japanese seasoning made from fermented soybeans, salt, and Koji mold (Aspergillus oryzae), which acts as a fermenting agent. This versatile ingredient is a cornerstone of Japanese cuisine, used in dishes such as miso soup, marinades, and dressings.
Miso’s flavor, known as umami, is deeply savory and can range from salty and robust to sweet and mellow, depending on its ingredients and fermentation process.
Check my another blog post about Miso factory interview.
Miso comes in several varieties, differing by region, ingredients, and fermentation time. Common types include White Miso (Shiro), Red Miso (Aka), Mixed Miso (Awase), Barley Miso (Mugi), Soybean Miso (Hatcho).
Miso fermentation relies on koji mold, which breaks down the soybeans' proteins and starches into amino acids (creating umami), simple sugars, and lactic acids. This natural process develops the miso’s complex flavors and aromas over time.
Miso has been a staple in Japanese kitchens for over a thousand years, originating during the Heian Period (794–1185). It symbolizes nourishment and health, often referred to as a "superfood" for its probiotics, vitamins, and minerals. Miso continues to be a comforting and essential part of Japanese culinary heritage.
Where to Experience the Miso Making?
Kubota Miso Koji Shop: This century-old establishment has been producing miso and the essential rice Koji used in its production since the early 1900s. We learned how to make miso from scratch, made our own miso, and took it home to let it ferment for six months until it’s ready to use.
Location: 27-12 Tenmacho, Hamada City, Shimane Prefecture
Let’s Experience the Japanese Cultures
From the meticulous craft of Washi paper and Kumiko woodwork to the spiritual depth of Zazen meditation, the rich world of Japanese traditional experiences offers something for every traveler. These practices are not just glimpses into Japan’s past; they are living traditions that continue to shape its culture today.
Whether you're savoring the complexities of miso or exploring the artistic expression of Iwami Kagura, each experience connects you to Japan’s timeless values of craftsmanship, harmony with nature, and mindfulness.
As you journey through these cultural treasures, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for the artistry, spirituality, and dedication that define Japanese heritage. Whether you're hands-on in a workshop or quietly observing a sacred performance, these moments leave lasting impressions that transcend the boundaries of language and time.
So, why not take the opportunity to step into the world of Japan’s traditions and create memories that are as meaningful as they are unforgettable?
